Scientific Literature: Searchable Database

Comparative and cumulative energetic costs of odontocete responses to anthropogenic disturbance

Authors

Noren, D. P.; Holt, M. M.; Dunkin, Robin C.; Thometz, Nicole M.; Williams, T.M.

Year

2016

Journal

Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics

Volume

27

Issue

17

Pages

040011

Keywords

anthropogenic, dolphin watching, energetic cost, impact assessment, review, tourism, underwater noise, whale watching

Abstract

Odontocetes respond to vessels and anthropogenic noise by modifying vocal behavior, surface active behaviors, dive patterns, swim speed, direction of travel, and activity budgets. Exposure scenarios and behavioral responses vary across odontocetes. A literature review was conducted to determine relevant sources of disturbance and associated behavioral responses for several odontocete species (bottlenose dolphin, killer whale, harbor porpoise, and beaked whales). The energetic costs of species-specific responses to anthropogenic disturbance were then estimated. The energetic impact varies across species and scenarios as well as by behavioral responses. Overall, the cumulative energetic cost of ephemeral behavioral responses (e.g., performing surface active behaviors, modifying acoustic signals) and modifying swim speeds and activity budgets likely increases daily energy expenditure by
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